Building structure



March 1, 1932. I A. C, HORN 1,848,014

BUILDING STRUCTURE Original Filed April 24,. 1929 INVENTOR f wie@ r YORK, N. Y.,-Ass1G-Noa To A. @HORN coiviriiNY, ,or LONG YPatented Mar. 1,` 1932 AARON o. HoRN, o

p ISLAND QITY, NEW YORK, A coinoaa'rio'NiV 1- Lia'urnnrNe STRUCTURE iippiiaiidn inea] aprirsi; ieee, ser'ii No,` 357,-717.'` neew'eaiiuiya, 1931.;

y -My .invention-relates to Wall'structures'l and y more particularly to Water-'proofed AWallstriictures and methods of 'making the same.

beencustomary to cover the surface' of the base with a layerof inasticpmat'erial of -a Water-proof nature, such as a mixturepof p vw asphaltum' and oil by vsprz'iying the base surf face. After the mastic coating is applied, a f mechanical bonding layer is built up by ap` plying .ine stones, grit or the like to the mastic coating by a spraying or sprinkling "opera-"1p A the market,:are suitable for lapplication to,y

tion. Usually the spraying or sprinkling is done by an 'air gun which imparts consider` able velocity to the'grit' and stone particles.

Thel particles of grit and stone impingel against the mastic 'surface'with sufficient force to embed themselves-therein and form an adhering surface. Some of the particles strikethe Amastic coating with suiiicientforce -to lpenetrate the mastic coating andfdirectly engage the base material, thereby forming openings in the mastic coating throughpwhich moisture may thereafter pass. Afterr the mechanical bonding layer is applied a finishing coating of plaster, cement or the like isn appliedto the bonding material and mastic coating.

ing, moisture movesl from the finishing coat'- ing to the Wall base through the openings formed bythe applicationof the mechanical bond. v Moisture traversinglsuch openings causes the deterioration of the base material adjacent the openings with the result that the mastic 'coating separates from the base material forv considerable areas around the punctures in the mastic coating which results in the formation of blisters together with cracking'and spalling of theiinishing surface. The dryingoutof the iinishingmate1 rial due to the absorption of moisture by the Wall base causes the formation of dry, spots` Wherev openings exist in thel masticVv coat# vlrFicE.

oal-,bondingllayer isapplied tothe mastic bonding'layer is covered With' a thin layer of vcoating layer`, the surface of' the-mechanical',

Water-proofing: vmaterial Which completely l coats the "surfaces yof the mechanical bond, K acts to more firmly anchor the binding mate-V rial and at the same tiineiills in any cracks for blisters in the coating' of mastic material which may have beencaused by the applica# tion-cof the mechanical bonding layera The coating layer is preferably applied byV spraying'With an air gun or the like. Amixf ture'of asphaltumand oil or similar Water#r` roofing compositions many of Whichv are on layer. `-rEhe presence of the Water-proofing i layer or skin on the bonding material does njot interfere with the adhesion of the. finishing layer to the bonding layer. Wththiscon- Y struction a completely Water-tight joint is obtained'between the finishing layer and thebaseof the Wall. y

-The Vsingle figure ofthe accompanying drawing is an enlarged cross sectional View ofra'wall constructed in accordancewith my invention.l i

Referringto the'drawing, a Wall base2 such as arbodyofrconcrete or thel like is covered byl a layer Slofmastic' coating material of a y Water-'proofing nature,such as a mixture of asphaltuin and oil.'v The 'thickness of lthe layer of mastic coating varies but for many Vpurposes a thickness of l/64 inch 'is'suitable rElie mastic coating layer is 'preferably ap- Jlied Vb f s ra 7in@` vas with an air Gun.

e D? D Y After the layerB-is in place a'mechanical I bond layer l constituted by small particles. of grit, broken rock andthe like is applied to the coating layer. The layer 4 is 'usually' applied by shooting the material [onto the layer-3 by an air gun orother device Which imparts considerable Velocity to the particles constituting the layer. The particles'may. be of from l/Sth to 3/8'tli` inch in their maximum. dimension.y As aresult the particlesistrike the layer 3 with considerable i Velocity' andv impinge themselves therein 'sufficiently to firmly adhere thereto. As a result the depth of the mastic material between the base 2 and the particles constituting the layer 4 varies.

r In some cases, as illustrated by the reference numeral 5, the particles completely puncture the layer 8 and directly engage the base matcrial 2. Y

Heretofore it has been customary to apply a finishing layer 6 of plaster, cement, or the like directly .to the bondinglayer l. 'Co-n.- sequently t ie moisture inthe finishing layer has passed through the openings made in the mastic coating layer 3 by the application of the particles. VThis results in the .peeling` away the layer 3 from the base f2 for considerable areas around each opening. The iinishing surface adjacent to the opening dries out and cracking and Vspalling results. Byapplying a thinv coating layer or skin 7 to the surfaces of the mechanical bonding layer Ll if the latteris in place, the openings in the layer 3 made by the application of the particles constituting a layer l are closed 'by .the layer 7. rilhe thickness of the l5-.yer may i vary from a thickness of l/lOOOth to l/ 100th of an inch as desired. The Vlayer 'l' may be `formed of a mixture of asphaltum and oil or of any one of a. number ofwater-prooting compounds on the market. The presence of the layer 7 .does not interfere with the appli# cation of the lfinishing layer 6 of plaster, ce mentor the like which is thereafter applied to the `layer 4l.

I have also found that cork makes an ei;- cellent binder in the pla-ce of stone grit. There appears to be a iirmer bon-d between the mastic base and valso the. superiicial layer or Waterproof coating. This is due to the factjtliatgthe cork is to a certain extent provided with a. rough granular Vand is more or less Vporous so that the Waterproof mate ial finds a iir-in purchase upon the cork. rEllis cork may lbe raw granulated Ior what is commercially termed regranulated cork` and the gauge or size of the particles thereof maybe comparable with lthat ofthe :gr-it or 01"' any suitablesize. rljhe cork may also be more extensively appliec vto thebase because of `its insulating properties, Without in any Way lesseni-ng itseiiect as arnechanical bond, for the reason that liner particles of the cork serve to insulate the spaces intermediate the particles, and because of the greater bond be tween the particles et' cork and the mastic` .or Waterproof coatings. The cork may be applied in the same manner the grit is applied.

Vit is to be understood that the several dimensions given are by Way of illust-ration and are not limitations of the invention as the invention contemplates the use of layers of dierent thicknesses and grits of d-iiierent size as Well as the use of different materials for the grits or mechanical binding agent and the 'use of diiiierent materials for constituting the several layers and coating surfaces.

llVhile I have illustrated and described the present preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be' understood that it may be otherwise embodied and practicedv Without departing from the spirit ot the invention or the .scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A Wall comprising a base, .a Waterproofing layer applied thereto, a mechanical bondj ing layer applied to the Water-proofing layer,

a vWater-prooiing coating for the bonding layer land a finishing layer applied thereto.

2. A AWall comprisingl a base, a body of water-proofing mastic material applied to the base, a layer-0ixr V4grit applied "to the coating layer., a Waterproofing layer applied to the coating layer and the grit,`and a iinishing layer applied thereto. r 48. A structure comprising a concrete support, an elastic supporting layer adhering to said support, a plurality of rough surfaced lumps of material embedded in said supporting layer and projecting therefrom, an elastic Waterprootl coating covering said lumps .and srppor'ting` layer., and a finishing layer covering said elastic coating `and firmly adhering tosaid lumps.

4. A building structure comprising a concrete support, a support layer consisting of elastic asphaltic material, said vsupporting n layer being applied to said support, a plurality coi relatively small cork lumps enibr-idded in Said supporting` layer and projecting outwardly therefrom,A a relatively thin waterprooie coating oit' elastic asphaltic material covering the projecting portions of said lumps and the exposed portions osaid ,supporting layer, and a finishing laye-r voi: vplas- .tic material covering said lumps and supporting layeinand securely anchored to said lumps.

5.. fr building structure comprising a concrete support, an .elastic supporting layer consisting of a mixture of asphaltum and oil, said Supporting .layer being applied to said support, plurality of relatively small rough surfaced stone, `lumps embedded in said supporting layer and projecting outwardly therefrom, a relatively thin Waterproof coating of elastic Vasphaltic material covering the projecting portions oi said lumpsand the exposed `portions of said supporting layer, a d a iinishing layer of plastic material covering said lumps and supporting layer and securely anchored to said lumps.

. ln testimony Whereofl aiiiX my signature.

AARON C. HORN. 

